How is the Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) of a wheel and axle calculated?

The Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) of a wheel and axle system is determined by the ratio of the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle. This ratio highlights how the design allows a smaller input force at the axle (effort) to lift a larger output force (load) at the wheel.

By using the formula IMA = Radius of wheel ÷ Radius of axle, one can see how a larger wheel allows for a greater distance to be covered with less effort, effectively making it easier to move heavier loads. This principle is rooted in the mechanics of levers and rotational forces, showing the advantage gained through the different sizes of the wheel and axle.

Other choices do not represent the correct relationship in a wheel and axle system. The ratio of the axle to the wheel or the sum of their radii does not accurately reflect how mechanical advantage is achieved in this context. Similarly, while the load divided by the effort is relevant in determining actual mechanical advantage, it does not apply to the ideal calculations using the dimensions of the wheel and axle system. Thus, the correct application of the radii ratio provides precise insight into the mechanical advantage gained from such a system.